Characteristics of steel structure:
1. High strength and light weight: steel has high strength and light weight, steel structure can bear larger load, and light weight, can reduce the load of the foundation.
2. Superior seismic performance: steel structure has good ductility and toughness, can effectively absorb and disperse energy under dynamic loads such as earthquakes, and reduce structural damage.
Fast construction speed: steel structure components are usually prefabricated in the factory, and only need to be assembled and welded on site, so the construction speed is fast, the weather is less affected, and the construction period can be greatly shortened.
4. High degree of industrialization: steel structure components can be standardized production, quality is easy to control, suitable for large-scale production and construction.
Strong flexibility: The steel structure has strong adaptability, can be flexibly designed and modified according to needs, and is suitable for various complex structural forms.
Environmental protection and sustainability: Steel structure materials can be recycled and reused, which meets the environmental protection requirements of modern buildings and is conducive to the sustainable use of resources.

Steel structure is mainly composed of the following parts:
Steel beam: Lateral load-bearing member used to support floor, roof, or other loads.
Steel column: Longitudinal load-bearing member used to support floors and transfer loads to foundations.
Steel truss: a frame structure composed of rods, commonly used in large-span buildings, such as stadiums, exhibition halls, etc.
Steel grid: a spatial structure composed of steel rods according to certain rules, with good spatial force performance, commonly used in large-span roof structures.
Support system: including horizontal support and vertical support, used to enhance the stability of the structure, resistance to horizontal load, such as wind, seismic force, etc.

Application of steel structure:
High-rise buildings: Steel structures are widely used in high-rise and super-high-rise buildings, such as skyscrapers, because steel can provide greater strength and flexible spatial layout.
Bridge engineering: steel structure bridges are widely used in highway bridges, railway bridges, sea-crossing bridges and other projects because of their light weight, high strength and convenient construction.
Industrial workshop: steel structure workshop has the advantages of large span, large space, rapid construction, etc., suitable for all kinds of industrial plants and warehouses.
Stadiums: The roof and grandstand structures of large stadiums usually use steel structures to meet the requirements of large spans and complex shapes.
Airport terminals: Steel structures are widely used in airport terminals, providing large spaces and flexible layouts to provide passengers with a comfortable experience.
Exhibition centers and convention centers: These buildings often require large areas of column-free space, and steel structures provide an ideal solution.

Construction and Maintenance of steel structure:
1. Construction:
The construction of steel structures is usually divided into two stages: prefabrication and on-site installation. The prefabrication stage includes steel processing, component production, installation stage including on-site assembly, welding and coating processes.
The construction speed is fast and the installation accuracy is high, but the technical requirements for the construction personnel are high.

2. Maintenance:
Anti-corrosion: steel structure is susceptible to corrosion, especially in humid or chemical environment, so it needs regular anti-corrosion treatment, such as coating anti-rust paint, galvanizing, etc.
Regular inspection: regular inspection of the connection points, welds, support systems, etc. of the steel structure, timely repair of damaged parts, to ensure the safety and service life of the structure.

Advantages of steel structure:
High strength, large bearing capacity: steel structure can withstand huge loads, suitable for all kinds of heavy buildings and large span structures.
2. The construction is convenient and the construction period is short: the prefabrication degree is high, the site construction speed is fast, and the construction of large buildings can be completed quickly.
3. Good seismic performance: steel structure has good toughness and ductility, and can effectively resist dynamic loads such as earthquakes.
4. Flexible design and use space: The steel structure can be flexibly adjusted according to needs, providing greater design freedom and space utilization.
Environmental protection and sustainable: steel can be recycled and reused, in line with the environmental protection requirements of modern buildings.

In general, steel structure has been widely used in modern architecture and engineering because of its high strength, light weight, fast construction speed and good seismic performance. Whether in high-rise buildings, bridges, large industrial facilities, or in complex spatial structures, steel structures have shown their unique advantages and become an irreplaceable and important form in the field of architecture today.